Peptide Practice Guide

Adipotide is understood to home to the prohibitin marker on the endothelium of white adipose tissue (annexin-A2 is a separate adipose-vascular marker), then trigger a pro-apoptotic signal intended to disrupt the local blood supply. In animal studies this was associated with a loss of fat mass. For humans the approach remains investigational, and the pathway has not been confirmed in robust human trials.

⚕ Clinical note: Adipotide is an investigational compound with no validated human data and known animal toxicity signals; it is not an approved therapy and any use is physician-supervised only, and nothing here is medical advice or a dosing guide.

Evidence: Grade D — no reliable human data; preclinical/animal evidence only · References: Kolonin et al., Nature Medicine 2004; Barnhart et al., Science Translational Medicine 2011; Daquinag et al., Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2011

5-Amino-1MQ is understood to inhibit NNMT, the enzyme that methylates nicotinamide. By reducing this methylation it is thought to preserve nicotinamide for NAD+ regeneration and to shift adipocyte energy metabolism. These effects are described mainly in cell and animal models, and human evidence is currently limited.

⚕ Clinical note: 5-Amino-1MQ is an investigational, early-research compound without validated human outcomes; any consideration is physician-directed only, and nothing here is medical advice or a dosing guide.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Kraus et al., Nature 2014; Neelakantan et al., Biochemical Pharmacology 2018; Pissios, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 2017

SLU-PP-332 is understood to act as a pan agonist of the estrogen-related receptors, activating the ERR/PGC-1α transcriptional programme that governs mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. In rodent studies this was associated with greater endurance and increased fat oxidation. The evidence is entirely preclinical, and no human trials establish these effects.

⚕ Clinical note: SLU-PP-332 is an investigational compound with animal data only and is not an approved therapy; any use is physician-supervised only, and nothing here is medical advice or a dosing guide.

Evidence: Grade D — no reliable human data; preclinical/animal evidence only · References: Billon et al., Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2023; Audet-Walsh & Giguère, Acta Physiologica 2015; Fan & Evans, Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2015

GcMAF is proposed to be a deglycosylated form of the vitamin-D-binding protein that, in theory, activates macrophages within the innate immune system. This mechanism is described mainly in disputed and partly retracted literature and has not been reproducibly validated. No robust, credible human trials establish any clinical effect.

⚕ Clinical note: GcMAF is a highly controversial, investigational protein with no established clinical benefit and a history of regulatory warnings. It is not an approved medicine, is discussed only in a research and physician-directed context, and nothing here is medical advice, a therapeutic claim, or a dosing guide.

Evidence: Grade D — no credible human data; investigational and disputed · References: Yamamoto et al., Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 2008 (paper subsequently retracted); Ugarte et al., critical review of GcMAF claims, 2014; MHRA (UK) regulatory statement on unlicensed GcMAF products, 2015

CJC-1295 without DAC (Mod-GRF 1-29) is a modified fragment of growth-hormone-releasing hormone. It is understood to bind GHRH receptors on the anterior pituitary and to prompt pulsatile release of endogenous growth hormone, which may in turn influence IGF-1 signalling. Without the Drug Affinity Complex its action is short-lived, so it is investigated as a pulse secretagogue rather than a sustained one. Human evidence remains limited and the mechanism is drawn largely from GHRH-analog research.

⚕ Clinical note: CJC-1295 (no DAC) is an investigational, research-grade peptide and not an approved medicine. It is intended for physician-directed use only, and this content is educational, not medical advice.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Teichman et al., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2006; Ionescu & Frohman, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2006; Sigalos & Pastuszak, Sexual Medicine Reviews 2018

GHRP-6 is a synthetic hexapeptide that acts as a ghrelin mimetic at the growth-hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). It is understood to stimulate pituitary release of growth hormone and to activate hypothalamic appetite pathways, which is why marked hunger is a prominent and expected effect. Its actions are described mainly in early and preclinical research, and robust human outcome data are limited.

⚕ Clinical note: GHRP-6 is an investigational, research-grade secretagogue and not an approved medicine. It is intended for physician-directed use only, and this content is educational, not medical advice.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Bowers et al., Endocrinology 1984; Smith et al., Endocrine Reviews 1997; Sigalos & Pastuszak, Sexual Medicine Reviews 2018

This generic muscle- and recovery-support entry is positioned within the broad family of compounds studied for lean-mass and tissue-repair signalling, without asserting a single specific mechanism. Because it is investigational, any pathway attribution should be treated as provisional and confirmed with the supervising physician. Robust human evidence for a defined, compound-specific effect is limited.

⚕ Clinical note: This is a generic, investigational muscle-support entry, not an approved medicine and not a claim of any specific effect. It is intended for physician-directed use only, and this content is educational, not medical advice.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Phillips & Van Loon, Journal of Sports Sciences 2011; Sartori et al., Nature Communications 2021; Bhasin et al., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2018

This blend combines two growth-hormone-axis peptides. Ipamorelin is understood to act as a selective ghrelin-mimetic secretagogue at the GHS-R1a receptor, while CJC-1295 (no DAC) is a GHRH analog understood to stimulate pituitary GHRH receptors. Combining a secretagogue with a GHRH analog is investigated on the rationale that the two pathways may act complementarily on pulsatile GH release; however, evidence for the combination specifically is very limited, and combining compounds compounds the uncertainty. Any pathway effect should be regarded as provisional.

⚕ Clinical note: This ipamorelin / CJC-1295 blend is an investigational, research-grade combination and not an approved medicine; blending compounds increases uncertainty and it is intended for physician-directed use only. This content is educational, not medical advice.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Raun et al., European Journal of Endocrinology 1998; Teichman et al., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2006; Sigalos & Pastuszak, Sexual Medicine Reviews 2018

Melittin is a 26-amino-acid amphipathic peptide, the principal active component of honeybee venom. It is understood to insert into cell membranes and form pores, disrupting the lipid bilayer and lysing cells through a direct biophysical mechanism rather than a defined receptor pathway, and it has been associated with phospholipase A2 activity in preclinical work. Because this membrane-active effect is non-selective, it can damage healthy as well as target cells, which is why any use is investigational and restricted to close physician supervision.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. Melittin is an investigational, cytotoxic research-grade peptide with no established human therapy; it should never be self-administered and any use must occur under qualified physician supervision.

Evidence: Grade D — no human data; preclinical only · References: Raghuraman H, Chattopadhyay A, Bioscience Reports, 2007; Rady I et al., Cancer Letters, 2017; Memariani H et al., Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019

This blend combines two investigational neuropeptides. Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the immunopeptide tuftsin, studied for anxiolytic effects and for modulation of GABAergic and monoaminergic signalling as well as BDNF and enkephalin pathways. DSIP is a nonapeptide first isolated in association with slow-wave sleep and investigated for its influence on sleep architecture and stress-hormone regulation, though its endogenous role remains incompletely defined. Combining the two is intended to overlay calm- and sleep-related signalling, but the interaction has not been characterised in controlled human studies.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. This Selank + DSIP blend is investigational and unapproved in the EU/UK, and combining compounds increases the uncertainty; it is intended for physician-directed use only and is not a treatment for anxiety, insomnia, or any condition.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Zozulya AA et al., Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2008; Graf MV, Kastin AJ, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1986; Kozlovskaya MM et al., Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 2003

This intranasal blend combines two Russia-region peptides. Selank is a tuftsin-derived heptapeptide studied for anxiolytic effects and neuro-immune modulation. Semax is a synthetic analog of the ACTH(4-10) fragment investigated for nootropic and neuroprotective signalling, including associations with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Intranasal delivery is used to explore nose-to-brain access; in Russia these peptides are regulated for certain uses, while elsewhere they remain investigational and unapproved, and the combined effect is not characterised in controlled human studies.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. This Selank + Semax intranasal blend is investigational and unapproved in the EU/UK, and combining compounds increases the uncertainty; it is intended for physician-directed use only and is not a treatment for any cognitive, neurological, or psychiatric condition.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Dolotov OV et al., Journal of Neurochemistry, 2006; Zozulya AA et al., Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2008; Medvedeva EV et al., Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2014

This blend combines two signalling peptides from different biology. VIP is an endogenous 28-amino-acid neuropeptide studied for immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory effects through VPAC receptor signalling and regulation of T-cell and macrophage activity. MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide investigated for metabolic and longevity-related signalling, including AMPK activation and influence on insulin sensitivity and cellular stress responses. The blend is intended to overlay immune-regulatory and metabolic pathways, but the combination has not been characterised in controlled human studies.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. This VIP + MOTS-c blend is investigational, and combining compounds increases the uncertainty; it is intended for physician-directed use only and is not a treatment for any immune, metabolic, or age-related condition.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Lee C et al., Cell Metabolism, 2015; Delgado M, Ganea D, Amino Acids, 2013; Reynolds JC et al., Nature Communications, 2021

SS-31 (elamipretide) is thought to bind cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it may help stabilise membrane structure and support electron-transport efficiency; this effect has been studied in SS-31's own clinical trials in mitochondrial disease and heart failure. Cardiogen is a short peptide from the “bioregulator” class proposed to act as a tissue-specific signalling molecule in cardiac cells, though robust human evidence is lacking. Those disease trials apply to SS-31 (elamipretide) as a single agent; this blend itself has not been studied in heart failure or mitochondrial disease and has no such clinical evidence. Combining the two is a research hypothesis rather than an established therapy.

⚕ Clinical note: This blend is investigational and combines two compounds whose interaction has not been characterised in robust human trials, which compounds the uncertainty. It is for physician-directed research use only, is not medical advice, and is not proven to treat, cure, or prevent any condition.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Szeto and Schiller, Pharmaceutical Research 2011; Daubert et al., Circulation: Heart Failure 2017; Khavinson, Neuroendocrinology Letters 2002

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a melanocortin-receptor agonist thought to act centrally at MC4R to influence sexual-arousal pathways. A separately approved injectable form of this melanocortin agonist exists as a licensed medicine, but that approval does not extend to this intranasal blend. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide investigated for roles in bonding and arousal-related central signalling, though its evidence in this context is mixed. As an intranasal blend the combination is investigational, and the delivery route and pairing have not been established in robust trials, and it makes no claim to treat sexual dysfunction.

⚕ Clinical note: This intranasal oxytocin/PT-141 blend is not the approved bremelanotide product: although a melanocortin agonist is approved in a different, injectable form, that approval does not apply here. This blend carries no approved indication, is investigational, and its combination and route have not been validated in robust trials. It is for physician-directed use only, makes no claim to treat sexual dysfunction or any condition, is not medical advice, and is not proven to treat, cure, or prevent any condition.

Evidence: Grade C — early clinical / mixed evidence · References: Kingsberg et al., Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019; Clayton et al., Journal of Sexual Medicine 2016; Magon and Kalra, Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011

Retatrutide is a single peptide designed to activate GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously, a triple-incretin mechanism being studied for metabolic and weight-related endpoints in active clinical trials; it is not yet approved. Follistatin-344 is an investigational peptide proposed to bind and inhibit myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, with evidence largely preclinical. Combining an investigational tri-agonist with a myostatin-pathway peptide is a research hypothesis and has not been characterised in robust human studies.

⚕ Clinical note: Retatrutide is still in active clinical trials and is not an approved medicine, and Follistatin-344 is investigational; combining them compounds the uncertainty and has not been validated in robust human studies. This blend is for physician-directed research use only, is not medical advice, and is not proven to treat, cure, or prevent any condition.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: Jastreboff et al., New England Journal of Medicine 2023; Rosenstock et al., The Lancet 2023; Lee and McPherron, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2001

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1. By activating GLP-1 receptors it enhances glucose-dependent insulin release, slows gastric emptying and acts on central appetite pathways to increase satiety. These combined actions underlie its well-studied effects on glycaemic control and body weight.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. Semaglutide is a prescription-only medicine and any use must be initiated and monitored by a qualified physician, who assesses suitability, benefits and risks individually.

Evidence: Grade A — approved medicine supported by large randomised controlled trials · References: GLP-1 receptor agonist randomised controlled weight-management and cardiovascular outcome trials; EMA/MHRA product information for GLP-1 receptor agonists; Peer-reviewed endocrinology and obesity-medicine literature

Tirzepatide is a dual agonist that activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Through this combined incretin signalling it enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, reduces appetite and slows gastric emptying. These actions support the improvements in glycaemic control and body weight demonstrated in large randomised trials.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. Tirzepatide is a prescription-only medicine; any use must be initiated and monitored by a qualified physician, who assesses suitability, benefits and risks individually.

Evidence: Grade A — approved medicine supported by large randomised controlled trials · References: Dual incretin (GIP/GLP-1) receptor agonist randomised controlled trials; EMA/MHRA product information for incretin-based medicines; Peer-reviewed diabetes and obesity-medicine literature

Retatrutide is an investigational triple agonist designed to engage GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors. The GLP-1 and GIP actions influence insulin secretion, appetite and satiety, while glucagon-receptor activation is studied for its potential to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation. It is being evaluated in advanced clinical trials for weight and metabolic endpoints.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. Retatrutide is an investigational, late-phase compound; it is not an approved product, and any exposure should occur only under qualified physician supervision within an appropriate clinical framework.

Evidence: Grade B — investigational, late-phase compound with promising controlled-trial data · References: Phase 2/3 multi-receptor incretin agonist clinical-trial literature; Peer-reviewed GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonist research; EMA/MHRA regulatory guidance on incretin-class agents

MOTS-c is a mitochondrially derived peptide studied for its role in cellular energy sensing. It is associated with activation of the AMPK pathway and with signalling linked to glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial adaptation. Most supporting data come from preclinical and mechanistic studies rather than large human trials.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. MOTS-c is investigational with limited human evidence; it is not a proven treatment, and any use requires qualified physician supervision.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational, mostly preclinical and mechanistic evidence · References: Peer-reviewed mitochondrial-biology and metabolism literature; Preclinical mitochondrial-derived peptide research; Early-phase human metabolic-signalling studies

AOD9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (hGH) studied for effects on fat metabolism. It is positioned to stimulate lipolysis and to reduce lipogenesis signalling while minimising the classic growth-promoting actions of full-length growth hormone. Human evidence for meaningful weight or fat reduction remains limited and inconsistent.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. AOD9604 is investigational with limited and mixed human evidence; it is not a proven treatment, and any use requires qualified physician supervision.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational, with limited and inconsistent human data · References: Peer-reviewed growth-hormone-fragment and lipolysis research; Early-phase human metabolic-trial literature; Academic reviews of investigational weight-management peptides

AC-KPV-NH2 is the smallest active tripeptide fragment of α-MSH. In laboratory and animal models it is associated with engaging melanocortin-linked pathways and dampening pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling, which is linked to a calmer inflammatory microenvironment in skin and barrier tissue. Its relevance to human tissue healing is studied but not established.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice. AC-KPV-NH2 is investigational; any use must be individualised and supervised by a treating physician.

Evidence: Investigational — mainly preclinical anti-inflammatory data, no approved human indication · References: preclinical anti-inflammatory and melanocortin-pathway research; peer-reviewed skin- and gut-barrier literature; EMA/MHRA product-status information on unapproved peptides

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide based on a sequence identified in gastric juice. In animal and cell studies it is associated with upregulation of repair-related growth-factor and angiogenic signalling (for example VEGF-linked pathways), collagen and extracellular-matrix (ECM) remodelling, and modulation of inflammation, which underlies research interest in connective-tissue and gut-lining recovery. Well-controlled human evidence remains very limited.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice. BPC-157 is investigational; any use must be individualised and determined by the treating physician.

Evidence: Investigational — mainly animal and cell data; no approved human indication · References: peer-reviewed regenerative-medicine and preclinical tissue-repair literature; EMA/MHRA regulatory-status information on unapproved peptides; sports anti-doping (WADA) prohibited-substance listings

BPC Spray delivers the BPC-157 peptide in a topical, non-injectable format intended for localised application. The proposed repair and inflammation-balancing signalling is the same as for BPC-157, but how much peptide is absorbed through skin or mucosa and whether the effect is local or systemic is poorly characterised in humans. It should be regarded as investigational rather than an established topical treatment.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice. BPC Spray is an investigational topical form of BPC-157; any use must be individualised and supervised by the treating physician.

Evidence: Investigational — animal-derived rationale, topical human data essentially absent · References: peer-reviewed regenerative-medicine and preclinical tissue-repair literature; EMA/MHRA regulatory-status information on unapproved peptides; sports anti-doping (WADA) prohibited-substance listings

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide. In laboratory work and some human cosmetic studies it is linked to collagen and elastin synthesis, extracellular-matrix (ECM) remodelling, antioxidant activity and modulation of wound-healing signalling, which supports interest in skin remodelling and tissue repair. Topical use is comparatively better studied than injectable or systemic use, which remains investigational.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice. GHK-Cu is best supported for topical/cosmetic use; injectable use is investigational and any use must be individualised and supervised by the treating physician.

Evidence: Limited evidence — some human topical/cosmetic data; injectable tissue-repair use investigational · References: peer-reviewed dermatology and wound-healing literature; cosmetic-ingredient safety assessments; regenerative-medicine peptide research

TB-500 is a synthetic peptide associated with Thymosin Beta-4 activity. In animal and cell studies it is linked to regulation of actin, cell migration, angiogenesis and modulation of inflammation, which together support tissue re-organisation during repair. Robust controlled human trials are lacking, so its recovery claims remain research-level.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice. TB-500 is investigational; any use must be individualised and determined by the treating physician.

Evidence: Investigational — mainly animal and cell data; no approved human indication · References: peer-reviewed regenerative-medicine and preclinical tissue-repair literature; EMA/MHRA regulatory-status information on unapproved peptides; sports anti-doping (WADA) prohibited-substance listings

TB4 is the naturally occurring peptide Thymosin Beta-4, a regulator of actin dynamics within cells. Preclinical work links it to cell migration, tissue remodelling, angiogenesis and the modulation of inflammation and fibrosis during healing. Human evidence is early-stage, so its role in recovery is studied rather than established.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice. TB4 is investigational; any use must be individualised and supervised by the treating physician.

Evidence: Investigational — early-stage human data, mainly preclinical; no approved human indication · References: peer-reviewed regenerative-medicine and preclinical tissue-repair literature; EMA/MHRA regulatory-status information on unapproved peptides; sports anti-doping (WADA) prohibited-substance listings

This combination pairs two investigational tissue-repair peptides so that the cell-migration and angiogenic signalling associated with TB-500 sits alongside the growth-factor and cytoprotective signalling associated with BPC-157. The rationale is complementary coverage across vascular support, connective-tissue and extracellular-matrix (ECM) remodelling, and inflammation balance. The combination itself has not been validated in controlled human trials, and combining two unapproved agents can add rather than reduce uncertainty.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice. This TB-500 + BPC-157 combination is investigational; any use must be individualised and determined by the treating physician.

Evidence: Investigational — no controlled human data on the combination; components are preclinical · References: peer-reviewed regenerative-medicine and preclinical tissue-repair literature; EMA/MHRA regulatory-status information on unapproved peptides; sports anti-doping (WADA) prohibited-substance listings

Follistatin 344 is studied as a binding protein that neutralises myostatin and related TGF-β-family signals, a pathway that normally acts as a physiological brake on skeletal-muscle growth. By reducing ActRIIB/SMAD-mediated inhibition, it is investigated for a possible shift toward myogenesis and muscle-tissue remodelling. Current understanding rests mainly on laboratory and animal models rather than controlled human trials.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice, a protocol or a promise of results. Follistatin 344 is investigational; any use must be individualised and supervised by a qualified physician.

Evidence: Investigational (Grade D) — mainly preclinical, minimal human data · References: peer-reviewed myostatin and skeletal-muscle physiology literature; preclinical regenerative-medicine and gene-therapy studies; EMA/MHRA guidance on investigational compounds

IGF-1 LR3 is a structurally modified, long-acting analogue of IGF-1 that engages the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and downstream anabolic cascades such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK. Its modified structure lowers binding to IGF-binding proteins, which is intended to prolong activity relative to native IGF-1. Evidence for muscle or performance use is very limited and comes mainly from preclinical work.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice, a protocol or a promise of results. IGF-1 LR3 is investigational; any use must be individualised and supervised by a qualified physician.

Evidence: Investigational (Grade D) — very limited human data, mainly preclinical · References: peer-reviewed IGF-1 and growth-factor physiology literature; preclinical anabolic-signalling studies; EMA/MHRA product and safety information

Ipamorelin is studied as a selective growth-hormone secretagogue that acts on the ghrelin / growth-hormone-secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1a) to prompt the pituitary to release the body's own growth hormone in a pulsatile pattern. Research emphasises a comparatively selective profile, with limited activation of prolactin- and cortisol-linked pathways relative to broader secretagogues. Long-term human outcome data remain limited.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice, a protocol or a promise of results. Ipamorelin is investigational; any use must be individualised and supervised by a qualified physician.

Evidence: Investigational (Grade C) — limited human data, not an approved therapy · References: peer-reviewed growth-hormone secretagogue and endocrinology literature; preclinical and early-phase GHSR-1a studies; EMA/MHRA product and safety information

Tesamorelin is a stabilised analogue of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that binds pituitary GHRH receptors and stimulates the body's own GH secretion through the natural hypothalamic–pituitary axis. It is best known and regulator-approved for reducing excess visceral adipose tissue in a specific HIV-associated condition, with related effects on glucose–lipid markers. Its use for general lean-mass support or anti-ageing is off-label and not established by outcome trials.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice, a protocol or a promise of results. Tesamorelin is a prescription-only medicine; any use must be individualised and supervised by a qualified physician.

Evidence: Approved for a specific HIV-related indication; investigational / off-label (Grade C) for lean-mass and GH-axis goals · References: GHRH-analogue clinical-trial literature; EMA/MHRA/FDA product information; peer-reviewed endocrinology and body-composition studies

Kisspeptin acts high in the reproductive control system by stimulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. This in turn prompts the pituitary to release luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the gonadotropins that regulate sex-hormone production. Because it sits at the top of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, it is studied as a precise tool for probing desire and reproductive signalling.

⚕ Clinical note: This information is educational only and is not medical advice or a promise of any result. Kisspeptin is investigational and sits within the prescription and clinical-research domain; it should only ever be considered under the supervision of a qualified physician.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational; active human research on reproductive-hormone signalling but no marketing authorisation for libido or sexual-health use. · References: Peer-reviewed reproductive-endocrinology and neuroendocrinology literature; Clinical research on kisspeptin and gonadotropin (LH/FSH) regulation; Academic reviews of the HPG axis and GnRH signalling

Melanotan 2 is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that activates melanocortin receptors broadly rather than selectively. Through MC1R it drives melanin production (pigmentation), and through central receptors such as MC4R it can influence arousal- and appetite-related signalling. Its non-selective, wide-ranging receptor activity is also the reason its effects and risks are hard to predict.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice or an endorsement. Melanotan 2 is an unlicensed, unapproved substance with real safety concerns; Dripfy does not present it as a treatment, and any consideration of it must involve a qualified physician.

Evidence: Grade D — unlicensed and unapproved; sold outside regulatory authorisation, with recognised safety concerns and no quality assurance. · References: MHRA/EMA safety communications on unlicensed melanotan products; Peer-reviewed dermatology and toxicology case literature; Melanocortin-system pharmacology reviews

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that binds oxytocin receptors (OXTR) in the central nervous system, where it is involved in social bonding, trust, and the modulation of stress and anxiety. Intranasal delivery is used to favour central engagement without injection. Any effect on sexual response is thought to be indirect — mediated through bonding and stress pathways rather than direct genital action.

⚕ Clinical note: This content is educational only and is not medical advice or a guarantee of any outcome. Oxytocin's use for sexual health is investigational; any consideration of it should take place under the guidance of a qualified physician.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational for sexual health; some human data on bonding and stress, but evidence for a libido benefit is limited and inconsistent. · References: Peer-reviewed social-neuroscience and neuroendocrinology literature on oxytocin; Clinical research on intranasal oxytocin; EMA/MHRA product information for oxytocin

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a centrally acting melanocortin receptor agonist. It engages melanocortin receptors — MC4R in particular — within brain circuits that govern sexual motivation and arousal, so its primary action is on desire signalling in the CNS rather than on peripheral blood flow. This central mechanism is what distinguishes it from vasodilator-type approaches to sexual function.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a recommendation to use any product. Bremelanotide is a prescription medicine that must be assessed, prescribed and monitored by a qualified physician; never self-source or self-administer it.

Evidence: Grade B — approved as bremelanotide (Vyleesi) for premenopausal HSDD, with supporting randomised controlled trials; benefit is real but modest and patient-selected. · References: EMA/MHRA/FDA product information for melanocortin receptor agonists; Peer-reviewed randomised controlled trials on bremelanotide for HSDD; Pharmacology reviews of centrally acting sexual-medicine agents

Selank is a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring peptide tuftsin, investigated for calming and cognition-supporting signalling without the heavy sedation associated with classical anxiolytics. Laboratory and early clinical work has linked it to modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as serotonin and dopamine pathways involved in mood and learning. These are proposed mechanisms drawn from limited research rather than firmly established clinical effects.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment recommendation. AC-Selank-NH2 is investigational; any consideration of it must take place under qualified physician supervision, with dosing and suitability determined individually by the treating physician.

Evidence: Limited human data, mainly from regional (Russia/CIS) clinical use; not EMA/MHRA approved. · References: Peer-reviewed neuropeptide and anxiolytic research literature; Regional (Russia/CIS) clinical studies on Selank; EMA/MHRA regulatory status information

Semax is a synthetic peptide based on a fragment of the hormone ACTH (the ACTH(4-10) sequence), modified so that it acts on the nervous system without the classic hormonal actions of ACTH. It has been studied, largely in Russia, for neurotrophic signalling — including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) — and for protective effects on neurons under oxidative and metabolic stress. These remain research-stage observations and should not be read as proven cognitive benefits.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and is not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment recommendation. AC-Semax-NH2 is investigational; any consideration of it must take place under qualified physician supervision, with dosing and suitability determined individually by the treating physician.

Evidence: Limited human data, mostly from regional (Russia/CIS) clinical use; not EMA/MHRA approved. · References: Peer-reviewed neuroprotection and nootropic research literature; Regional (Russia/CIS) clinical studies on Semax; EMA/MHRA regulatory status information

Delta Sleep (delta sleep-inducing peptide, DSIP) is a naturally occurring nonapeptide whose mechanism is not fully characterised. It has been associated in research with modulation of neurotransmitter systems relevant to slow-wave (delta) sleep onset and maintenance, and with neuroendocrine and circadian signalling that may influence the stress response. The evidence base in humans is very limited and largely exploratory.

⚕ Clinical note: This card is educational and not medical advice. Delta Sleep (DSIP) is investigational with only limited human evidence, is not a licensed treatment for insomnia or any sleep or stress disorder, and no benefit is guaranteed; any use must be individualised and determined by a treating physician.

Evidence: Very limited human evidence (investigational) — GRADE D · References: Peer-reviewed sleep-neuroscience and neuropeptide research literature; Exploratory human and preclinical studies on delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP); EMA/MHRA regulatory guidance on investigational compounds

NK Peptide is presented as a compound intended to support the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, part of the innate immune system's early surveillance against infected and abnormal cells. The concept is to enhance recognition and clearance readiness while keeping immune signalling balanced. Robust, peer-reviewed human data defining a standardised 'NK peptide' are very limited.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. NK Peptide is investigational and poorly characterised, with no established evidence base, so no benefit can be promised. It is not a substitute for proven immune care and should only ever be considered under qualified physician supervision.

Evidence: Grade D — poorly characterised, with very limited published human evidence · References: peer-reviewed innate-immunity and NK-cell literature; investigational immunomodulatory peptide reviews; general immunology reference sources

Thymogen is a synthetic dipeptide (L-glutamyl–L-tryptophan) designed as a functional mimic of thymic peptide signalling. It is studied for effects on T-lymphocyte maturation and normalisation of immune-cell balance, aiming to regulate rather than indiscriminately amplify immune responses. Most published evaluation comes from a limited and largely regional body of literature.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. Thymogen is an investigational immunomodulator whose human evidence is limited, so any effect described here is exploratory rather than promised. It is not a substitute for proven care and should only be used under qualified physician supervision.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational; human evidence is limited and largely regional · References: peer-reviewed immunopharmacology literature on thymic dipeptides; regional clinical reports on synthetic immunomodulatory peptides; reviews of thymic-peptide analogues

Thymosin Alpha 1 is a synthetic version of a naturally occurring thymic peptide that helps orchestrate the maturation and activity of T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. It is thought to act in part through Toll-like receptor signalling, nudging the immune system toward more coordinated responses to pathogens and abnormal cells. Research and clinical interest focus on restoring balanced immune function rather than driving indiscriminate activation.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. Thymosin Alpha 1 has the strongest evidence in this group and is approved as thymalfasin in some countries, but it is not licensed in the EU/UK and remains investigational there. Its use, indications and suitability must be determined and monitored by a treating physician.

Evidence: Grade B — approved/registered as thymalfasin in some countries with clinical-trial support, but not licensed in the EU/UK · References: peer-reviewed clinical immunology and hepatology literature; regulatory and manufacturer product information for thymalfasin where registered; reviews of thymic peptides and immunomodulation

VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) is a naturally occurring neuropeptide that signals through VPAC receptors to relax smooth muscle and to dampen and rebalance inflammatory and immune activity. In immune contexts it is studied for shifting responses toward a more regulated, anti-inflammatory profile. A synthetic form (aviptadil) has been investigated in respiratory and inflammatory conditions, but the evidence remains investigational.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information, not medical advice. VIP is a genuine signalling peptide, but its use for immune purposes is investigational and any benefit remains unproven in that setting. It is not a substitute for established care, and suitability must be assessed and monitored under physician supervision.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational for immune indications; the synthetic form has been trialled but is not an established therapy · References: peer-reviewed neuroimmunology and pulmonary research literature; clinical trial reports on aviptadil (synthetic VIP); reviews of VIP and VPAC receptor pharmacology

PHDP5 is presented as a peptide complex in a spray format positioned around skin-cell renewal and antioxidant-oriented signalling. Peer-reviewed human evidence supporting a cosmetic or dermatological benefit is very limited, and its mechanisms in skin remain largely uncharacterised. Any renewal, hydration or wrinkle endpoints should be regarded as unproven.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. PHDP5 is investigational for skin use with very limited evidence; any use must be assessed and supervised by a treating physician, who determines suitability on an individual basis.

Evidence: Investigational — very limited human data for skin use · References: Peer-reviewed dermatology and skin-peptide literature; Cosmetic-science research on topical peptides; EMA/MHRA general product-safety guidance

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting peptide studied for its interaction with cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is associated with stabilising energy production and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In skin-health contexts it is investigated for mitochondrial-function and oxidative-stress endpoints relevant to cellular resilience and ageing. It remains an investigational compound and is not an approved skin treatment.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. SS-31 (elamipretide) is investigational and unapproved for aesthetic use; any use must be assessed and supervised by a treating physician, who determines suitability on an individual basis.

Evidence: Investigational — mechanistic and clinical-trial data, not approved · References: Peer-reviewed mitochondrial-medicine literature; Clinical-trial reports on elamipretide; EMA/MHRA regulatory and product information

Bronchogen is a short peptide from the Khavinson family of tissue-directed 'bioregulators', proposed to influence gene expression and protein-synthesis signalling in respiratory-tissue cells. The concept under study is that organ-specific peptides may help maintain normal lung-cell activity, but supporting data are largely preclinical and mechanistic. Its relevance to human respiratory ageing remains unproven.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. Bronchogen is investigational; any use should be individualised and determined by a treating physician under appropriate supervision.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; mechanistic and small-model data only, with no robust human clinical trials. · References: Peer-reviewed peptide-bioregulator (Khavinson) research literature; General respiratory physiology and cell-biology reviews; EMA/MHRA guidance on unlicensed investigational substances

Cardiogen is a short peptide bioregulator from the Khavinson family, proposed to act on cardiac-tissue cells by influencing protein-synthesis and gene-regulatory signalling. The studied concept is that organ-directed peptides might help maintain stable cardiac cell metabolism and tissue integrity, but the evidence is predominantly preclinical. It has not been shown to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease in humans.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. Cardiogen is investigational; any use should be individualised and determined by a treating physician under appropriate supervision.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; predominantly preclinical data, with no robust human clinical trials. · References: Peer-reviewed peptide-bioregulator (Khavinson) research literature; General cardiovascular physiology reviews; EMA/MHRA guidance on unlicensed investigational substances

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide studied for a proposed association with telomerase activity and telomere maintenance, mechanisms central to cellular ageing. Laboratory and small clinical studies, mostly from a single research tradition, have explored effects on cell-cycle and circadian markers. The overall human evidence is limited and not confirmed by large, independent controlled trials.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. Epitalon is investigational; any use should be individualised and determined by a treating physician under appropriate supervision.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational; some small human observational studies plus preclinical data, but no large independent controlled trials. · References: Peer-reviewed telomere-biology and telomerase literature; Khavinson pineal-peptide research publications; EMA/MHRA guidance on investigational substances

Humanin is a small mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for cytoprotective signalling that may help cells resist oxidative and metabolic stress. In laboratory models it has been associated with survival and neuroprotective pathways, and in humans it appears mostly as a biomarker whose levels change with age. Direct therapeutic use in people remains investigational and unproven.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. Humanin is investigational; any use should be individualised and determined by a treating physician under appropriate supervision.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; predominantly preclinical and biomarker-association data, with no controlled human trials. · References: Peer-reviewed mitochondrial-derived peptide literature; Cellular stress-resistance and ageing-biology reviews; EMA/MHRA guidance on investigational substances

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a central coenzyme in mitochondrial energy production, DNA-repair enzyme activity and sirtuin signalling, all of which decline with age. This product presents NAD in an intranasal spray, on the premise of supporting cellular energy and resilience. While NAD+ biology and its precursors are widely studied, controlled human evidence for an intranasal NAD spray specifically is lacking.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. This NAD intranasal spray is investigational; any use should be individualised and determined by a treating physician under appropriate supervision.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; NAD+ biology is well established, but the intranasal-spray route has essentially no controlled human efficacy data. · References: Peer-reviewed NAD+ and sirtuin metabolism literature; Clinical studies of NAD+ precursors (e.g. NR/NMN); EMA/MHRA guidance on food-supplement versus medicinal claims

Prostamax is a peptide bioregulator proposed to act on prostate-tissue cells by influencing protein-synthesis and cellular-function signalling. The studied idea is tissue-specific support of normal prostate cell activity, but the evidence base is largely preclinical and from a limited research tradition. It has not been established as a treatment for prostate conditions in humans.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. Prostamax is investigational; any use should be individualised and determined by a treating physician under appropriate supervision.

Evidence: Grade D — investigational; mechanistic and small-model data only, with no robust independent human trials. · References: Peer-reviewed peptide-bioregulator (Khavinson) research literature; Urology and prostate-physiology reviews; EMA/MHRA guidance on unlicensed investigational substances

Teriparatide is a recombinant fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) that, when given intermittently, preferentially stimulates osteoblasts to build new bone, shifting bone remodelling toward formation. This anabolic action improves bone microarchitecture and, in trials, reduces the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. In a longevity context its role is specifically bone health in people with osteoporosis or high fracture risk.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. Teriparatide is a prescription-only medicine; the decision to use it and any regimen must be individualised and determined by a treating physician.

Evidence: Grade A — approved, prescription-only medicine with randomised controlled trial evidence for reducing fractures in osteoporosis. · References: EMA/MHRA product information for teriparatide; Randomised controlled trials of anabolic osteoporosis therapy; International osteoporosis treatment guidelines

Thymalin is a thymus-derived peptide preparation studied for supporting T-cell maturation and balanced immune signalling, functions that tend to decline with age (immunosenescence). Small clinical studies, largely from one research tradition, have reported effects on immune markers in older or stressed individuals. Independent large-trial confirmation is lacking, so its ageing-related use remains investigational.

⚕ Clinical note: This is educational information only and not medical advice. Thymalin is investigational; any use should be individualised and determined by a treating physician under appropriate supervision.

Evidence: Grade C — investigational; decades of small, mostly single-tradition human studies, but not an approved medicine in the EU/UK. · References: Peer-reviewed thymic-peptide and bioregulator literature; Immunosenescence and ageing-immunology reviews; EMA/MHRA guidance on unlicensed investigational substances